Grammar teaching analysis in rural China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sentence structure showing examination in country China - Essay Example n 2002), and China following a background marked by increasingly customary showing dependent on the language interpretation technique (GTM) began changes inside their center and secondary schools and colleges in the mid 1990s by presenting CLT. The inquiry is whether the presentation of CLT into the Chinese instruction framework by the legislature has been fruitful as far as educators really utilizing such a methodology for the instructing of language structure and whether they have the information and capacity to do so suitably. Before the 1970s, the objectives of training English was to bestow right, blunder free language; accentuation was set more on structure than on use, accordingly the Grammar Translation Method was exceptionally mainstream. As the name suggests, center was around the standards and structures of the language, used to decipher from the primary language to the objective language, and the oral/aural abilities of tuning in and talking were overlooked for perusing and composing. With the exception of the time of the Cultural Revolution Chinese governments have been focused on the instructing of unknown dialects and albeit Russian was well known for some time, English has been respected by the new socialist system as noteworthy to modernization (Ji Fengyuan 2004). The educating of English has consistently been educator, course reading and test centered thus the GTM has been the decision way to deal with the instructing of English, with understudies playing a uninvolved job in the learning procedure. In customary study halls subsequently, language learning is decreased to authority of the sentence structure and dictionary, and understudies achieve more information on the language regarding impeccable syntactic structures replicated in linguistic activities and tests, than their capacity to utilize it, in actuality. Driven by British etymologists, for example, Halliday and Firth and in response to GTM, CLT was supported as the new strategy in language educating, tending to the need to procure open ability with characteristic presentation not instructing, to every one of the four expertise zones of perusing, composing, tuning in

Creative Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Imaginative Communication - Essay Example Experimental writing, like craftsmanship is emotional therefore has various definitions. Before, it has been called writing. Experimental writing is viewed as inventive and unique. It is likewise work of fiction and for the most part considered not to be valid. It is a specialty of making or concocting stories that are made-up. This composing doesn't need to be scholastic or authority. Be that as it may, this work must be persuading, exact, alluring and engaging in all ways that are available. Some exploratory writing can be founded on evident stories or genuine occasions as a source if motivation. One of the variables that characterize exploratory writing is the means by which enrapturing a story is. Individual contribution of the essayist with his work is a typical component, and occasions are not ‘objective’ as is regular with news stories or authentic composition. It is anything but difficult to peruse a sonnet and order it as innovative yet read through an authorita tive record and distinguish it as real composition. Kinds of exploratory writing incorporate plays (live or recorded), verse, movies and contents, books and short stories that are anecdotal, melodies and accounts, talks, diaries, individual sytheses and furthermore screenwriting. There are a few hypotheses about exploratory writing. The most sent hypothesis is that of organization composing that permits the transmission of thoughts that are later common through meetings, talks, and between class conversations. Understanding this hypothesis gives essayists a setting in their work. Innovative essayists expound on create in manners that are very available to perusers in this way can pass on the information and the inventive feeling of different ages. This prompts improving abilities and engaging others to uplift their degrees of creative mind. Piece hypothesis improves innovation, structuring, critical thinking expressions and furthermore enterprising activities. It comprises of six procedures. In experimental writing, these procedures ought not follow any request despite the fact that ought to be encountered a few times. These are

10 Mindfulness Exercises to Help You Stay Present

10 Mindfulness Exercises to Help You Stay Present What is mindfulness?According to Psychology Today, mindfulness is a state of mind, where you pay more attention to the present. When you’re more mindful you become more observant, less judgmental, more awake, you get in touch with your feelings, you become more focused, you become more excited about your present and your future.Yes, mindfulness is a state of mind. It is not necessarily a good or a bad thing. While it has many advantages, some of which we will discuss in this article, some people will argue mindfulness could also be harmful. Mindfulness techniques, promote ways of thinking, that will be beneficial to some and detrimental to others.For example, mindfulness promotes awareness of one‘s environment, and acceptance of one‘s emotions. In normal social situations, this pattern of thinking will promote the behavior of acceptance (including self-acceptance) and empathy. The same pattern of thinking, may be perpetuating antisocial behavior in humans susceptible to crimina l actions. This is because mindfulness will increase the feelings of being entitled to more than others, rejecting authority, demanding immediate gratification.WHY WOULD YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE MINDFULNESS?Mindfulness is scientifically proven to have positive results in many situations. For one, mindfulness reduces anxiety. For patients with generalized anxiety disorder, mindfulness techniques were proven to reduce stress, and increase the sense of control. Patients reported feeling better after an eight week treatment. Second, mindfulness promotes empathy, leading to counteracting to bias â€" gender bias, age bias, race bias, etc.Mindfulness is a therapy for depression. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces stress and promotes positive cognitive behavior. It helps patients recognize destructive thought patterns before they relapse into depression.Next, mindfulness is proven to improve body dysmorphic disorder. After a three-week meditation training, women who underwent the treatm ent, compared to women from the control group, experienced less body dissatisfaction, they had greater self-compassion and self-appreciation. Mindfulness can improve your mood, reduce your fatigue, improve your focus, and significantly increase your level of functioning in your everyday life. It is a very successful technique against allowing distractions. A study from Harvard University claims that mindfulness stimulates the cortex â€" the part of the brain that controls the inflow of information. Your brain cortex, in a mindfulness state, will be better prepared to sift through information, retain the useful, and reject the meaningless.WHAT EXERCISES HELP WITH MINDFULNESS?Mindfulness is a way to stay in the present. Therefore, you will notice a repeating theme in our exercises. Anything that gets you out of your routine, anything that breaks your habits, anything that will get you out of your automatic actions, or automatic thoughts will promote mindfulness for you.Try to become p olydextrousBeing polydextrous means you are able to write with both of your hands. Writing is one of those things, we do automatically. Breaking the habit will make you appreciate the art of writing in a new light, and with that, you will become more aware of your actions. Our brain is divided into two hemispheres. The left part of the brain is responsible for anything that has to do with logicâ€"thinking in words, sequences, seeing patterns, mathematics, facts. The right part of our brain is responsible for anything that has to do with creativityâ€"feelings, imagination, intuition, instinct, rhythm, holistic thinking, religion, arts.What is even more confusing is, the right part of the brain controls the left parts of the body and of the left part of the brain controls the right part of the body. The reason is, the neural pathways get twisted and switch positions in your neck. Scientists claim that writing with your non-dominant hand is a very successful form of art therapy. It’s a way to tap into the thinking process of your inner child â€" bring back some of the emotions curiosity, hope. What happens is when you write alternatively with your dominant and non-dominant hand you’re strengthening the relationship between the two hemispheres of the brain â€" the logical person and the artist. How to attempt at the exercise?Get a beautiful notebook. With a cover that will inspire you. Journal for 10 minutes every night.Alternate your left and right hand for every paragraph. When you feel more comfortable try adding some sketchesâ€"draw something that grabbed your attention during the day. A tree, a person, a dress, an animal…Once you get further into the experiment journal about the new feelings and thoughts you attribute to the exercise.Most people who have tried this technique report feeling stronger emotions, experiencing playfulness, heightened creativity, better physical stamina, stronger intuition and instinct. Reorganize your personal spaceFirst of all, try and preserve order. For what you’re trying to achieve, creative chaos will not work. There is no order in chaos and there is no difference between one type of chaos and another. It will be more difficult for you to feel in the present if there is no significant pattern in your surroundings to grab onto.That being said, you need to switch up things in your environment. If everything always stays the same you will stop noticing it. Everything will merge into a blur of things and possessions.Do you need an example? Alright, here it is. When was the last time you bought yourself a book, but didn’t have time to start reading it right now so you just left it on the shelf. You only discovered it the next time you are reorganizing your space. It was pretty soon? There you go.Here are several ideas you can use to reorganize your space:When cleaning your bookshelf, order your books from the tallest one to the shortest one from left to right on one shelf and from the right to the left on the next shelf. Next time you do your cleaning reorganize again by the name of the author. Reorder the compartments in your drawers buy function once, and by color next time.Reorder your clothes on the hangers by height once and by color next time.Change decorations often. Have a theme. You can make it seasonal. Try fresh flowers during spring, colorful leaves during fall, change decorations for Halloween in November, in December make it’s holiday decorations. Celebrate something different every month. The point of the exercise is to become more aware of your surroundings. Ideally, the changes you introduced will not be without a reason. They will reflect, or be inspired, but other events in your life. In that case, you will switch off the automatic dismissal of your surroundings and will be more conscious of the present state.Pay attention to automatic actionsDoing things in a hurry is never beneficial. In this section of the article we will talk about three things that w e always do without much thinking even though it is widely accepted doing them slowly and cautiously will be better for our body and soul. Walking.Have you heard the saying that from time to time you should stop and smell the flowers? It is of course a metaphor, however, it applies very well here. Slowing down your rhythm, and enjoying your surroundings, will stimulate your creativity. You will feel happier and healthier. Aim at breaking your routine by doing a walk. Maybe hop off the bus earlier? Or go shopping by foot if you can. Try and find a way to take at least 30 minutes of walking a week.Walking is the best way to enjoy your surroundings, but it is also very beneficial for your health â€" it will reduce your risk of high cholesterol, heart problems, stroke, type II diabetes, high blood pressure, and some cancers.And you will enjoy more if you do it consciously:Be the cliché. Smell the flowers.Pet someone’s dog. Ask for their name. Enjoy their affection. Change your way of walking â€" switching from flats to high platform shoes will help.Take notice of the architecture or nature around.Imagine the lives of strangers passing by. Even strike up conversation.EatingGulping down large amounts of TV dinner in front of the screen is not your friend. You will have issues with your body, and with your mind.Taking it slow, enjoying every taste in each bite, enjoying the change of feeling in your palate from when the food first touches your tongue, switching it around from side to sideâ€"that will improve your experience so much more.Eating is a great source of pleasure. Why waste it by being in a hurry? There are no taste buds in your tummy. Breathing Being conscious about your breathing is one of the main tasks in meditation â€" an activity proven to improve your intentional focus, to minimize the volume of negative thoughts, increase your concentration span, help your inner peace, reduce stress and fatigue. To improve your breathing technique:Try to achieve the optimal pace of breathing. It should be slow enough to calm you down, but fast enough so you don’t feel out of breath. Try to take breaks â€" allow yourself several beats after you exhale and before you inhale again. Listen to your breath. Visualize â€" imagine oxygen filling your body from your mouth, through your lungs, to the tips of your toes and fingers. Break your habitsYou don’t need to stop yourself at walking, eating and breathing. Whenever you feel you are doing something automatically, stop and do it differently â€" in a reverse order, or simply with a twist.Buy a different style of clothesHold your drink with the opposite handTurn on another TV channelListen to new music stylesGive a chance to getting to know people you used to consider boring, intimidating, or stupidBuy a bold lipstick colorAsk someone out whom you thought was out of your league, or you thought was not good enough for you. Pro tip: Once you achieve mindfulness, you will not only find it helpful to stop doing things out of habit â€" you will also find it easier to break bad habits. Addiction happens because of the promise for a reward. If you are more aware of your urges, you will discover it is easier to ignore them in the name of your physical and mental health. Stop the distractionsAre you used to watching the TV while eating dinner? Or listening to music while working? While dozens of people report they find it so satisfying, we encourage you to take (the remote) control and switch off the small screen. Multitasking does not work. Stop attempting to do multiple things at once. You are just tiring your brain. You are giving it an impossible task. Instead of performing several tasks at the same time, you are forcing it to switch from one to the other, giving neither your full attention. Turn off the music while you are driving your car. Commuting could be so much more interesting if you are not constantly attaching your mind to the same old noises coming from the radio.St op wearing your earbuds at work. Pay attention to what you are doing. Learn to achieve optimum focus. Instead of putting off your most difficult or unpleasant tasks, challenge them. And beat them. Anything you ‘do in the background’. Stop it. Remember the fiveWhenever you feel too anxious, too distracted, too overwhelmed you can apply the remember-the-five technique that will bring you back to the present. It’s idea is to attach your senses to the present moment. Stop. Close your eyes. Take a deep breath. And do the following things in this order:Try to remember 5 things from your surroundings. Try and see them with your mind’s eye, as accurately as you can, with their shape, their size, the material they are made out of. Imagine you are zooming in on them and seeing them closely. Try to distinguish 5 things you are hearing right now. Are children playing outside? How many? How old? What are they doing? Can you hear cars passing by? Can you hear your cat purring? Can you hea r yourself breathing? Can you hear your heart pumping?Try to feel 5 things touching your skin right now. Can you feel your clothes moving on your body as you are breathing? Can you feel your fingers on the desk? Can you feel the humidity in the air? Can you feel your shoes scrubbing the floor? Once you have engaged your senses, linger for a while in the present moment. Try and imagine yourself in your surroundings. How your energy is interacting. How you are affecting the space. The warmth of your body filling in the room. The humidity of your breath going out in slow motion. See, hear and feel. You are in an ultimate focus mode. In the present moment. Chances are your anxiousness feels far away now. Work out and meditateWorkouts in combination with meditation is the ultimate physical wellbeing routine. First off, your workout is beneficial for your muscle tone, your endorphin levels, your heart. But it will also raise your cortisol levels. Cortisol is a stress hormone, that could b e helpful in your everyday life for your mood and behavior if it is within limits. Go a little higher and you have yourself a compromised immune system and high blood sugar, leading to feelings of anxiousness and storing extra abdominal fat. Workouts generate pain. And pain is a complex feeling, but also, a complex emotion. Third, intense physical activity requires recovery, which meditation can provide. A mindfulness meditation channels those feelings and energies and concentrates them in the present moment. Meditation has been proven to deal with pain better than opioid blockers. On the other side, working out prevents cognitive decline. As The Huffington Post reports: ‘While exercise and a healthy diet can’t “cure” Alzheimer’s, they can help shore up the brain against cognitive decline that begins after age 45 Working out, especially between age 25 and 45, boosts the chemicals in the brain that support and prevent degeneration of the hippocampus, an important part of th e brain for memory and learning.’Feel all of your feelingsSociety tells us we should be always happy. We are treated better if we smile. People think higher of us if we portray a happy persona. We are encouraged to share the highest points of our lives on social media. But we are not always so happy. And should we be. In order to achieve the ultimate state of mindfulness, you need to be completely in touch with your emotions. Weather you a feeling nostalgia, boredom, disillusionment, regret, bitterness, fear or insecurity… Don’t force yourself to go back to happiness at any cost. If anything, this strategy will weigh you down. Instead, feel your feeling. Ask yourself some questions. How are you actually feeling right now? Why? What got you here? What are the physical expressions of your feelings? Let yourself linger a little bit longer in your thoughts. You will discover it gets you out of the vicious spiral of unhappiness because it completely changes your thought process. Yo u will be completely free of your slavery to happiness. You will no longer be unhappy because you are unhappy. You will feel increased self-acceptance and peace of mind. Talk more than languagePart of achieving the ultimate state of mindfulness is being completely present for communication with your close ones. Have you ever felt you are missing something from the dialogue? The words are there. But the meaning isn’t? You do not feel the intention behind what is being said. Actually, words are only but a small percentage of communication. Need proof? Well, all you have to do is think about the difference between talking in person and talking via instant messaging. A lot of the meaning is lost, isn’t it?What you are missing is the intonation, the facial expression, the body language, the posture. Whenever you have a conversation in person, pay full attention to those. You will have more meaningful and truthful conversation if you learn to read those. Make sure you use them to the full extent to achieve the right expressions on your part. Feel a dissonance? Someone is telling you one thing, but your gut is telling you another. You do not need to call the person out. But react to the full extent of the information you have. If you feel confident you can be of better help if you have a more honest conversation, do not tell them you know they are lying. Ask them questions. This is one of your best friends in this situation: ‘Are you sure this is how you are feeling?’DIYA great way to increase your mindfulness and live in the present is to stop thinking about your surroundings as just things or possessions. Instead, you can strive to become more aware of how objects are created. What it costs. How long it takes. How it is done. Obviously, some of your possessions you cannot manufacture yourself. Just try and get more involved. Food. Most people have at least some skills in cooking for themselves. But even if you are a keen cook, you probably have something yo u get from the store. Try baking your own bread. Or doing your own mayo. Gifts. DIY gifts are not always acceptable unless it is a family occasion involving young kids. It is not the same for DIY cards. It is a cute hobby. Try it. Furniture. It is easier than it sounds. Try and construct yourself a simple shelf. The Internet will help you.  Art. Paint a picture. Or do a collage. Frame it and put it over the fireplace. CONCLUSIONMindfulness is a technique you can employ to feel better about yourself and others. It will do you good for your personal well-being, your mental state, and even your behavior at the workplace. It is little more than the state of being aware and awake all time â€" aware of your actions, aware of your appearance, aware of how your behavior affects others. If you have to draw any conclusions of today’s article, we encourage you to break your routines. Do things differently. It will always force you to question your ways. It will always get you out if you’re stuck in bad behavior. It will always cause you to re-evaluate the way you do things. It will always bring you extra benefits. 2029-10 Mindfulness Exercises To Help You Stay Present 10 Mindfulness Exercises To Help You Stay Present /span

Potential Difference Definition (Science)

Potential Difference Definition: Potential difference is the amount of work energy required to move an electric charge from one point to another.The unit of potential difference is the volt.

Essay on Comparing Love Poetry - 602 Words

Comparing Love Poetry In this assignment I am going compare and contrast two poems, A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns and Lucy Poems by William Wordsworth. In this assignment I am also going to discuss, how each poet uses language, how they portray the theme of love, the tradition and culture of each poet and my own personal response to these poems. Robert Burns was born in 1759, in Alloway in Ayrshire in Scotland. Burns father was a poor tenant - farmer but he was a well-educated man and made sure that his son had a good education. William Wordsworth was born in 1770, in Cumberland in the English Lake District. He was left an orphan at the age of thirteen and was educated with the help†¦show more content†¦He proceeds to say Half hidden from the eye by this he means that her beauty and talents are not oblivious to the eye and you have to take time and look for them. In She dwelt among the trodden ways the last stanza Wordsworth talk about Lucy dying and here we realise the depth of his feeling of her due to his show of emotion, But she is in her grave, and, oh the oh at the end of this line shows that he is lost for words and has hardly the words to describe how he feels about her. In the last poem A slumber did my spirit seal he talks of that this woman is immortal and when he is in thought or asleep that shes alive, She seemed a thing that could not feel The touch of earthly years. Throughout this poem is noticeable that his love for this woman he talks of is very real. Roberts Burns poem A Red, Red Rose which was written about a woman called Jean Armour. This poem is quite similar in many ways to Wordsworths Lucy Poems . The main difference between these two poems is the tones. Burns poem has a fast pace and a cheerful tone whereas in Wordsworths Lucy Poems the tone is peaceful tone and has quite a slow pace. Due to the poems fast pace it creates a lyrical folk-song effect. In the first stanza he refersShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets 1610 Words   |  7 Pagesbeauty of his love with the beauty of seasons and nature, while strongly opposing the passage of time with its destructive nature. In his 154 sonnets, there are clear examples of passage of time that highlight both his stylistic techniques as well as key personal events in his life. Early poems discuss his thoughts about love and birth, while later works typify his romantic nature with vivid imagery that highlight beauty. Although Shakespeare’s poems center on the subject of love, scholarly articlesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Poetry 1596 Words   |  7 PagesPoetry is a beautiful way to express the subtext within it, using literary devices which enhances the poem s beauty. Poetry is considered to take distorted ideas and transforms it into beautiful words. 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Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well Free Essays

Good Hotel:Doing Good Doing Well Introduction: Joie De Vivre Hotels Company was found in back in 1987 in San Francisco by Chip Conley. Conley started from opening a Phoeonix Hotel in San Franciso. His first priority or targeted customer were of rock bands, musicians and film makers who mostyly travels for their projects and he me travel agents through out the America and proposed some free massage for tour manager during their stay in the hotel to attract the customer and make them stay in his hotel. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well or any similar topic only for you Order Now And this worked and Conley was successful in making some of nationally known entertainers stay in his hotel. Joie De Vivre is a company which has entire business based in San Francisco and because of which it was negatively impacted by the incident of 9/11 and there was substantial turndown. Joie De Vivre began to expand its network out of San Franciso from 2005 by opening Hotel Angeleno in Los Angeles likewise in 2009 they opened other hotel in different place to spread the market of their company more wider. They opened Shorebreak hotel in Huntington Beach,Hotel Erwin in Venice Beach and Pacific Edge Hotel in Laguna Beach. Strategy Plan Of Joie De Vivre’s ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY The mission of Joie De Vivre Green Dreams is to prevent the environment and educate not only emplyees but also cutomer to reduce waste and toxins,make the environment a eco-friendly environment and always true to reuse,recylce and reduce the waste. Joie De Vivre is also working to get their hotels a green certificate by their local city or country to show their commitment for the environment and Green Dreams. Joie De Vivre uses the following policies and practices for the Green Dreams to come true: Reduce,Reuse and Recycle Purchasing Environmental Friendly Products Conserve Energy,water and natural resources Generate clean energy through on-site solar production Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Joie de Vivre try to reduce the wastage by reusing and recycying all the papers,cans,bottles and all the waste food and landscape waste. Even when they donates to the charutable organizations they donate those items which can be reused so that they can make other people also play a role in Dream Green project. Toxics Reduction and Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Joie De Vivre always are on the side of not using toxic materials to protect the health of the both employee and guest as well as the environmental health also. They reduce the use of toxic materials as much as they can and they safely recycle the toxic products for reusing it again. They minimize the use of mercury lamps and try not to use them whenever it is possible. They always try to purchase the recycled products. Conserve They conserve the fossil fuels by encouraging the use of public transport rather then private transport to their guest as well as their employee which make thems save fuel. They encourage carpooling among their staff and also by taking part in spare the air campaigns they are conserving the environment. Employee Education They train and educate their staff how to reuse,recyle and reduce the cost. This will not only help in making the Green Dream success but it will alse make their employee in their daily life as well . Not only in work but this will help them in their home to reduce,recycle and reuse the waste which they can. How to cite Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well, Papers

Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well Free Essays

Good Hotel:Doing Good Doing Well Introduction: Joie De Vivre Hotels Company was found in back in 1987 in San Francisco by Chip Conley. Conley started from opening a Phoeonix Hotel in San Franciso. His first priority or targeted customer were of rock bands, musicians and film makers who mostyly travels for their projects and he me travel agents through out the America and proposed some free massage for tour manager during their stay in the hotel to attract the customer and make them stay in his hotel. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well or any similar topic only for you Order Now And this worked and Conley was successful in making some of nationally known entertainers stay in his hotel. Joie De Vivre is a company which has entire business based in San Francisco and because of which it was negatively impacted by the incident of 9/11 and there was substantial turndown. Joie De Vivre began to expand its network out of San Franciso from 2005 by opening Hotel Angeleno in Los Angeles likewise in 2009 they opened other hotel in different place to spread the market of their company more wider. They opened Shorebreak hotel in Huntington Beach,Hotel Erwin in Venice Beach and Pacific Edge Hotel in Laguna Beach. Strategy Plan Of Joie De Vivre’s ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY The mission of Joie De Vivre Green Dreams is to prevent the environment and educate not only emplyees but also cutomer to reduce waste and toxins,make the environment a eco-friendly environment and always true to reuse,recylce and reduce the waste. Joie De Vivre is also working to get their hotels a green certificate by their local city or country to show their commitment for the environment and Green Dreams. Joie De Vivre uses the following policies and practices for the Green Dreams to come true: Reduce,Reuse and Recycle Purchasing Environmental Friendly Products Conserve Energy,water and natural resources Generate clean energy through on-site solar production Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Joie de Vivre try to reduce the wastage by reusing and recycying all the papers,cans,bottles and all the waste food and landscape waste. Even when they donates to the charutable organizations they donate those items which can be reused so that they can make other people also play a role in Dream Green project. Toxics Reduction and Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Joie De Vivre always are on the side of not using toxic materials to protect the health of the both employee and guest as well as the environmental health also. They reduce the use of toxic materials as much as they can and they safely recycle the toxic products for reusing it again. They minimize the use of mercury lamps and try not to use them whenever it is possible. They always try to purchase the recycled products. Conserve They conserve the fossil fuels by encouraging the use of public transport rather then private transport to their guest as well as their employee which make thems save fuel. They encourage carpooling among their staff and also by taking part in spare the air campaigns they are conserving the environment. Employee Education They train and educate their staff how to reuse,recyle and reduce the cost. This will not only help in making the Green Dream success but it will alse make their employee in their daily life as well . Not only in work but this will help them in their home to reduce,recycle and reuse the waste which they can. How to cite Good Hotel Doing Good Doing Well, Papers

Business Investment Strategy Key Deliverables

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Investment Strategyfor Key Deliverables. Answer: Timelines for Key Deliverables An event timeline is an important determinant, which can coordinate all of the organizational aspects. This factor is benefitted to the vendors as well as to the service workers, who supervise the organizational operations from start to finish. In this context, this study has highlighted the timeline for the key deliverables in the following: Key Deliverables Time Line June July August September October November December Advertisement Inventory Communication/ Distribution Technological up-gradation Background of the Company Mayrah is a popular Australian fashion and lifestyle brand, which is embodying an ethereal elegance with the artisan influence. It is known that the meaning of Mayrah implies Spring Wind. In this report, the organizational structure, mission, organizational valuation of Mayrah would be discussed in order to explain the online business investment strategy. On the other hand, the financial performance of the organization would be discussed in order to identify the investment strategy. In the opinion of Curtis (2016), it can be mentioned that investment strategy is a bunch of rules and behaviors, which would be benefitted to guide the investors selection within the investment portfolio. Mayrah has a unique strategy for achieving the profit objectives. The apparel brand would be launched with the instigation of Julie Shaw. The organizational structure of Mayrah would be discussed in the following: Figure 1: Structure of the organization (Source: Created by the author) Organizational Values Online fashion business investment strategy is one of the important factor to increase the organizational valuation. According to Mei (2014), it can be mentioned that this would makes the Mayrah marketing online highly attractive compared to the offline marketing and therefore, tracking and measuring the return on investment is more easier. Therefore, the satisfaction level of the consumers would be increased. On the other hand, targeting specific demographics would not be easier, especially with the increase of social media advertising. In order to increase the organizational valuation, Mayrah needs to improve the performance of the organization and also needs to maintain the working environment and working culture. Therefore, the satisfaction level of the employees would also increase and their individual performance would also increase. These elements allow the organization a greater organizational adaptability. Moreover, it can be mentioned that organizational values come from th e purpose of the organizational works. Mission It is known that Mayrah is one of the largest fashion apparel organizations of Australia. According to Curtis (2016), it can be mentioned that the mission statement of the organization is to lead the Australian fashion industry within the next 3 years. After getting success in the home country, Mayrah aimed to expand the business in the global market within next 5 years to 6 years. In this purpose, the organization has made a unique and essential business strategy with which the organizational performance would be increased. Therefore, the overall sale of the fashion retailing company would be increased and the revenue earning would also be improved. As a result, the organization would have the capacity to return the shares of the suppliers and also of the other shareholders. The shareholders are also willing to invest in the project of this organization. As a result, it can be stated that the organizational performance would be successful and Mayrah can achieve the mission statement . Importance of Organizational Team As per the statement of Mei (2014), Mayrah mainly gives importance to the customers. Therefore, to improve the performance of the organization, it is necessary to focus on the development of team. Good team collaboration is also helpful to improve the online business investment strategy. In this context, it can be mentioned that a well established online business do not need the organizational staffs and the business infrastructure would be maintained. Organizational team can take the help of several websites, blogs, advertisement and promotion. Curtis (2016) opined that technological support is required to improve for better service. References Curtis, G., 2016. First Meeting: Governance, Investment Strategy, and Other Introductory Matters.Family Capital: Working with Wealthy Families to Manage Their Money Across Generations, pp.53-62. Mei, J., 2014. Development in Banking and Financial Law: 2014: IX. Appraisal Arbitrage: Investment Strategy of Hedge Funds and Shareholder Activists.Rev. Banking Fin. L.,34, pp.83-745.

Golden Temple (Amritsar, India)

Abstract The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib, is the central worship place for the Sikhs. It is located in Amritsar, Northern Punjab in India. The building is one of the oldest structures in the country, but one whose architectural design still amazes the current architects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Golden Temple (Amritsar, India) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The building of the temple was started in 1574 and was completed in 1604. However, the temple suffered attacks twice and in the two attacks, the building was destroyed. It was later restructured to what it is today. The building consumed many materials, but remains one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the country. Official data from the government shows that many tourists visit the site every year. It is considered the most attractive tourist site in the country. The Golden Temple The Golden Temple, also known as Harmand ir Sahib, is the central Gurdwara (worship place) located in Amritsar, Northern Punjab, India. The building is one of the oldest structures in the country, but its architectural design still amazes the current architects. From a far, the building resembles any ordinary temple in the city. However, as one moves closer to the building, he or she realizes the strangeness of the building. The shape of the temple, materials used in its construction, and the color, show a work done out of skill. It is believed that this building has a strong symbolic function in the country. This is because of the historical factors that are related to it. All Sikhs consider this temple holy. The temple was built purposely to act as a worship center to all people in this land and even visitors, irrespective of their gender, race, age, and religion. The figure below shows the Golden Temple at Amritsar in India. Figure 1 This research is focused on analyzing the Golden Temple based on its location, cultura l ties, the designs used in its construction, and the labor force used.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Location of the Building As was stated above, this temple is located in the city of Amritsar, Northern Punjab, India. The building of this holy place can be traditionally traced back in 1574 when Akbar, the monarch of Mughal, gave Bibi Bhani the site as a present when she was marring Jetha. Jetha became the fourth Guru Raam Das and immediately started developing the site. In 1588, Guru Arjun Dev oversaw the laying of the temple’s foundation. He finally completed the construction of the temple and declared it an official worshiping center. He selected Sikh Baba Budha as the warden of the shrine. The decision to make this a central temple for worshiping in this kingdom was largely motivated by its location. The temple was located strategically in the middle of society. It wa s easily accessible to various communities that lived in the kingdom. All main trade routes were also passing near the temple. Culture and Society The Golden Temple in Amritsar in India had many cultural connotations to people who lived around the place and to the entire country. This temple, suitably known as Harmandir meaning Temple of God, was considered a central worshiping place for all people in the region. It was meant for both men and women of all religions and from any part of the world. During this time, the Gurus had come to the realization that this society was strategically located for trade. This was because of the Indian Ocean, which was a route for many ships that were travelling to various markets around the world. The Gurus had realized that given the location of this country, many visitors would come to the country and religion was a main factor. The temple was therefore considered a general place, which was holy and could accommodate any religious grouping in soc iety. This temple was also a sign of defiance to external rulers who had issued a decree that buildings in this land should not go beyond three feet above the ground. Leaders of this society built a twelve feet temple to defy this decree and this has remained a clear fact among people living in this society. According to Arshi (56), this temple was a clear sign of the accommodative culture of Indians. During this time, there was a tight battle amongst various religious groupings. Each religious group was fighting for supremacy and it was rare to see individuals from another religion trusting the other with issues related to religion. Over the world, there were cases of massacre against religious groupings, which was perpetuated by the group in power. In this country, however, the temple was a sign of unity. In the temple, people would feel that there is a sign of unity. The temple is also a sign of the tough battle that the Indians fought against the invaders from the Middle East. A ll over the world, traders who used the Indian Ocean had known that the temple was a sign of unity and strength of this country. It became a target of inversion by world powers that were planning to rule this land.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Golden Temple (Amritsar, India) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is what happened Jahan Khan, a general of Afghani army, invaded this land. The temple was massively destroyed by this army, but due to the spirited fight that was put up the local army led by Baba Deep Singh, they were repulsed from the temple, and therefore, this worshiping place was not completely brought down. The temple was restricted with the sponsorship from Maharaj Sign who sponsored marble inlay, gilding the temple and gold painting. Perhaps the most memorable event about this temple was the dark history known as The Operation Blue Star of 1984, which was commissioned by Indira Gandhi. The ope ration led to a fight between the government soldiers led by General Kuldip Brar and the Sikhs. This battle resulted in massive destruction of the temple, and many of the Sikhs lost their lives. Some of the soldiers also lost their lives in the battle. The soldiers did humiliating things within the temple, including smoking and destruction of the holy shrine. The Sikhs who died in the operations were given disgracing mass cremation by the government soldiers. This temple was later restructured in 1990s. This incident has however, remained clear in the minds of the Indians. It has remained a controversial topic in this country, but it remains a fact that the incident made this temple very famous. It is still regarded by the entire nation as a center for worship, while the Sikhs still commemorate the massacre of their fellow tribesmen who were brutally murdered at this place. Besides the locals, this temple has been attracting the attention of international tourists, spiritual leaders , and designers among other professionals who always want to learn a number of issues related to the temple. Construction of the Building The construction of this building can be analyzed from various fronts. It is worth noting that there has been massive changes done to this building ever since it was built that one may argue that the original design is lost. The initial construction of this building begun reflected the modern housing design of the 18th century. Although the building has been renovated several times by modern architectures, it is clear that in the initial structure, erection of the building to higher heights was done using scaffolding. The strength of the wall was ensured with the help of steel girders. This gave the walls strength and ability to withstand various forces of nature. During the construction, girders and other construction materials were lifted using a pulley system. By this time, sophisticated machines such as the cranes were not available, but const ruction technology was progressing and people were looking for better ways of making the construction process easier and faster. The workforce of this building worked under a pressure to deliver quality work. They had to embrace both speed and quality of production. The frame of the Golden Temple was steel bars. This would be mixed with concrete to give the wall the strength needed for the height that was expected.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this time, the idea of skyscrapers was not common and therefore, the workforce had to employ a lot of intelligence in order to come up with what was expected. The architectures were given the hard task of ensuring that this building would go against the forces of nature and tower high into the sky. This had to be done having in mind that the construction workers and the final users of the temple would be safe. The building, despite its height and size, had to withstand forces of nature and be able to stand the test of time. The finishing was done using gold and gold coating in some parts of the building. It was therefore, imperative to go for the materials that would meet the expected standards. Figure 2 Materials According to Kapur (112), it may be a little challenging to state precisely the number of materials that were used to construct this building. As was stated previously, this building was attacked twice, first by Afghani generals and secondly by Operation Blue Star. Eac h of the attacks had devastating effects on the building and each time there was an attempt to make the building better than it initially was. However, an average audit of the materials used in this building indicates that the building consumed many materials during its construction. It is estimated that the walls of this temple consumed about 37,981 tons of steel and 7,942,271 bricks. On these walls were 484 windows 28 doors (Arshi 82). The roofing consumed 743,214 tiles and 762,123 rivets. There were about 250 flights of stairs in the entire building and half a mile of aluminum railing. The pipes used were about 40 miles in length and about 20-mile brass stripe in the floor. The electric wire used was about 920 miles, with about 15,000 bulbs. The painting was about 4,387,000 square feet and about 117,475 troy ounce of gold. The above figures are estimation of what this temple could have consumed following the two destructive attacks. Kapur (121) says that it may be difficult to de termine the exact value because when the temple was attacked for the first time, the extent of the destruction was not valued. The same was the case in the second destruction. However, basing the estimation on what exists today, the stated values are the approximation of what made the Golden Temple. Exterior Design The figure given below shows the exterior design of this building and its location and most of the important external component of the temple. Figure 3 It is clear from the diagram above that the exterior design of this temple shows that motivation for the architectures came from the architectural development that was taking place in the Roman Empire. There had been architectural developments in these earlier times from the Egyptian pyramids, the Chinese houses, and finally the modern Roman housing structure. One fact that demonstrates this is the golden color of the building. Gold was a precious commodity in society at this time and it was used as a sign of class. House s that used gold in their exterior and interior parts were considered of higher value. Moreover, they belonged to the most powerful individuals in society. The exterior part of this building closely resembles the palace and the temples that were common in the Roman Empire. The dome shaped towers and the flag emphasize the religion of the locals. The finishing of this house was done so perfectly that it is nearly impossible to see the bricks and steel used in construction. It is worth noting that this fine finishing was done during its most recent renovation. The large dome-shaped windows are meant to allow light into the temple at daytime and to illuminate beautiful golden light from the internal bulbs at night. Its location in the middle of waters makes it one of the most attractive tourist attraction sites in the country. This location also shows that this building was not only meant for worshiping, but also a place where people would come for the purpose of recreation. The design of the roofing, the windows, the doors, and the general external shape of the temple leaves no doubt that this is a place for worship Interior Design The interior design of this temple shows the exotic nature of this building and a clear representation of what it is. The diagram below shows a section of the interior of this temple. Figure 4 The temple is ornamented using gold and golden cups, jugs seats among other ornaments. The interior of this building was garlanded using expensive garments and special type of wood. The decoration also includes flowers and special colored lights. The architectural design of the interior part of this temple shows a great expertise, especially in designing the curvatures on the ceiling. The lighting of this temple is designed to give a golden light that is just bright enough for the worshipers. The interior wall is designed to give an impression that it is made of wood. The upper part of the wall is carpeted with various materials from gold to a special type of mahogany wood and black, blue, white, and golden garments. The room is well ventilated to help maintain a clean environment for the large population that throngs the place. Labor Force Labor used in this project came from different fields. There were carpenters, plumbers, electricians, masons, drivers among others. The effort of building this temple took several years. In the initial construction of the temple, which ended in 1604, the locals did the work. The architects, who were involved in designing this temple, had experience in building and construction, following the Roman modern housing designs. The masons, plumbers and other workforce that were involved in the construction were local experts. It was during this time that most construction activities were completed. According to Mohinder (119), it is worth appreciating the fact that during its construction, no serious casualties or deaths, despite the heavy activities that were involved, were witnessed. Guru A rjan Dev is celebrated as the person who came out strongly to sponsor this project from the onset. His predecessor had only laid the foundation for this building. Guru Dev, therefore, had to hire experts who were able to construct the temple to meet the expectations of society. Although it took several years to complete this project, there were so many employees working on this project at any one moment. Most construction materials had to be transported to the site of construction from various locations within this country. After the invasion by the Afghani generals, the temple was destroyed and had to be put under renovation. This demanded for a labor force that would be in a position to fix the temple properly, despite the destruction. In 1984’s Operation Blue Star, the Indian soldiers destroyed the temple largely. The temple was once again put under renovation to what it is currently. This also demanded a labor force with deep understanding of how renovation would be done to retain the initial design, while still embracing some elements of modernism. If It Were Built Today It is a fact that it has taken several hundreds of years since the Golden Temple was first erected in Amritsar in Northern Punjab, India. Most of the architectural designs that were used in the construction of this building have also changed. When this building was to be built today, a number of changes may be made on the Temple, but most of structural designs would remain intact. The exterior part of the temple may remain unchanged because even the current temples are following this design in the contemporary world. The interior design of this temple may need a little change. For instance, the expensive exotic ornaments that were designed to be part of the interior would be reduced or even be eliminated. The expenses used in decorating the temple with gold would be directed to other areas of need. The temple, if it were to be built today, would have taken much less time than it to ok for its initial construction. This is because when it was being constructed, the level of technology was not as sophisticated as it is today. The workers at the site would have used large cranes to move heavy objects from the ground to higher heights instead of human using labor. Human labor is unreliable and ineffective because the output is always low. Machines and modern technology would speed up the construction of the building. Works Cited Arshi, Pardeep. The Golden Temple: History, Art, and Architecture. New Delhi: Harman Publishers, 1989. Print. Kapur, Singh. The Golden Temple: It is Theo-Political Status. Patiala: Academy of Sikh Religion Culture, 1984. Print. Mohinder, Singh. The Golden Temple. New Delhi: UBS Publishers’ Distributors in association with National Institute of Punjab Studies, 2002. Print. This essay on Golden Temple (Amritsar, India) was written and submitted by user Brice Strickland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seat Belts Have Been Shown to Save Lives essays

Seat Belts Have Been Shown to Save Lives essays Wearing a seat belt every time you enter a car is an important factor in ensuring the safety of both yourself and other individuals. The consistent use of a seat belt can help to reduce the damaging effects of both a cars collision, and the collision of its human occupants. Seat belts are proven to save lives, and may be the most effective safety apparatus in modern vehicles. Stricter laws governing the use of seat belts may be an important way to increase seatbelt compliance. Encouragingly, seat belt use was at an all-time high in 2002, showing that many individuals were spurred into compliance. Despite this encouraging increase in the use of seat belts, it is clear that many Americans are still choosing not to buckle up. In doing so, they are endangering both their lives and the lives of their fellow passengers. The cost of not wearing a seatbelt can be high, both to yourself and the individuals around you. To understand the physical effects of a motor vehicle crash, it is important to understand the physical effects of such a crash. When a motor vehicle is involved in a crash, there are three types of collisions that have an important impact on human safety. They are: 1) the car's collision, 2) the human collision, and 3) the internal collision The car's collision is perhaps the most obvious of the three. This is the force that causes the car to buckle as it is forced to an abrupt stop. This force takes place over a tenth of a second. The front of the car absorbs some of the impact as the vehicle encounters another object. As a result of this cushioning, the passengers come to a softer stop than the rest of the car (National Safety Belt Coalition). The human collision is what many people correctly associate with human damage that occurs during an automobile crash. This occurs when human occupants hit some part of the vehicle. Occupants who are no...

Operationalizing New Service Concept in Pre-Existing Fast Food Chain Essay

Operationalizing New Service Concept in Pre-Existing Fast Food Chain of Restaurants - Essay Example Introduction 4 2. Background 5 3. Literature Review 5 4. Designing New Service Concept and Service Innovation 6 5. Research 6 6. Service Recovery Design 7 7. Recommendations 8 8. Service Strategy 10 9. Conclusion 10 10. References 12 1. Introduction Customers are significant for every business , however, for fast food companies , which offer food which are perishable, it is very important to retain customer, create customer loyalty and regulate customers to survive in the increasingly competitive environment, which has been elevated through the globalization of fast food chains. Brink and Berndt (2004) found that many companies spent a lot of their efforts, money and time to recruit new customers but a few companies took appropriate steps to retain customer and customer loyally. In 2011, the total revenue generated by Italian fast food market was $2.1 billion, which represents a negative annual rate from 2007 to 2011. The demand for fast food was high till 2007 and the market perform ance also reduced during this time period. The market volume in fast food is classed as the number of visits the customer makes to the same fast food restaurant. Fast food restaurant market can be broken down into- Take Away Quick Service restaurant Mobile Food Street The fast food restaurant at the leisure locations The fast food chains meet new competitors in the market and customer relationship is the marketing purpose which can keep customers from going to the competitors (Ramakrishnan, 2006). Customer retention is the method which helps to keep customers actively involved with the firm through optimal allocation of resources (Kotelnikov, 2006). Six economic benefits of customer retention as outlined by Brink and Berndt (2004)- It reduces the cost of customer acquisition and customer replacement. It guarantees base profits as the customers may follow the minimum spend for a time period. It promotes increased customer revenue. It reduces the overall operating costs as the compani es spread the costs over many customers. It provides easy referral to new customers from the pre-existing customers and the customer can be charged premium price as they do not wait for discounts or price reductions. 2. Background The Italian restaurant operates a chain of 26 full-service restaurants close to shopping malls and high streets. The restaurant is known for excellent service and high quality Italian cuisine. The restaurant is looking for expansion opportunities and the management wants to launch new chain which will have following features 1. Low cost food 2. Limited menu The main issue is that the new outlets may lead to poor customer experience which can tarnish the image of the well established restaurant brand. Regardless of what the service industry perceive about their service and customers, the service should function for customers properly. It should be as per the perceived notion of service by the customer, even if in case, the customers have not experienced it previously (Johnston and Clark, 2001). Through word-of-mouth customer have a perceived imagination of the type of service, and during and after the service delivery the service should meet customers’ expectations related to the duration, notion and flexibility provided. Every organisation should focus on delivering the service concept. The paper explains how service concept is the key driver in service design decision at various

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example A Brief History of Nissan: The process of business within the 21st century has developed to a remarkable extent(Davies, 2004). Facing fundamental issues with cost and levels of continued business growth, Nissan’s European division chose to integrate with its supply chain as a means of evoking positive change. Nissan therefore reviewed the issues that their supply chain engendered and sought to evoke a further level of efficiency from it. Supplier Initiative/Management Initiative: 1: Referenced Definition of Supplier Development Some of the points that can be taken away from this particular case are with regards to definitions of supplier development, the different foundations which need to be put in place as a means of improving the initiatives that were engaged, a clear delineation of the objectives of the customer and supplier may seek to achieve from such improvement initiatives, the role of leadership within Nissan and how this impacted upon the supply-chain management tha t took place, the way in which commonality of purpose was achieved between the suppliers and Nissan, the performance measurements that were used as metrics, a close discussion of supply improvements that were engaged, the risks and benefits of engaging in such an initiative, mistakes that can be learned from, and future trends that are likely to be evidenced within other branches of Nissan; as well as throughout the industrial world. 2: The foundations which need to be in place to enable the improvement initiatives between customer and supplier contained in the case to take place Firstly, it must be understood that with regards to supplier development, Nissan fundamentally engaged in a redefinition of the way in which this process was previously affected. Through an internal investigation with regards to efficiency and the means through which product was provided, Nissan came to the clear understanding that if further profitability and viability of the brand was to be effected, a fu ndamental shift with regards the way in which products were supplied must be effected. As such, a reintegration with the definition and approach to supplier development was necessitated and affected. Supply Chain Management: As a function of the difficulties that have thus far been defined, Nissan Motor Company found it necessary to engage directly with the suppliers and enter into a new form of cooperation and communication that they term as COGENT. Within this particular approach, Nissan sought a level of oversight with respect to the design process and final production of the components that would eventually make their way into Nissan automobiles within Europe (Ludwig, 2010). Instead, COGENT was engaged as a means of overseeing and reviewing the supplier process. Nissan co-development initiative (COGENT) Realizing that the major drawbacks of the other approaches that they could take would place little incentive or integration within the actual supply mechanisms of Nissan, the Co- development init

Gladiatorial Games in Ancient Rome

Gladiatorial Games in Ancient Rome Little doubt the gladiatorial games at Rome’s Colosseum would have been blood-fuelled, brutal spectacles. The knowledge of the games has been left through stories, letters and poems of great Roman politicians and writers. This essay will briefly examine how various Roman writers responded to the games, and how those reactions were similar or different. The conclusion will identify reasons why these writers may have held their opinions about the games. Seneca, a politician who died around 65 CE, has the same attitude as Cicero, displaying no satisfaction in the Roman gladiatorial shows. However, Seneca condemns the shows in a direct fashion. First, he declares no trust in one’s ability to retain their moral character when one is engulfed in a crowd. One’s moral character becomes damaged, becoming â€Å"more greedy, more ambitious, more self-indulgent†¦more cruel and inhuman.†[6] Second, Seneca proclaims that one does not find entertainment in the shows, only â€Å"sheer butchery.†[7] As any victor in one challenge is simply offered in the next fight, the shows teach lessons in cruelty to those who cannot benefit from it.[8] Martial, on the other hand, glorifies the gladiatorial games. Martial lived from 40 -103 CE and might have been connected to Seneca’s family. Martial’s â€Å"On the Spectacles† exalts Rome’s Colosseum to the highest level, comparing its greatness to the wonders of the world, such as Babylon’s gardens.[9] Martial believes that the fallen in the arena have a just end as only guilty criminals or animals fall in the arena. â€Å"On the Spectacles† vividly describes the gore and encourages those from far away to witness the spectacle for themselves, almost like a tourist advertisement.[10] Statius, who wrote around the same time as Martial, has a different view on the games in â€Å"The Tame Lion.† This poem mourns the death of one lion in the arena. So tragic is it that the king of hunters has been tamed that even Caesar sheds a tear for the fallen lion.[11] This directly contrasts Martial’s image of a â€Å"treacherous lion† that had dared to violate and harm his master.[12] Statius views the loss of the beast as tragic, Martial as deserved. â€Å"The Tame Lion† shows that Statius believes that the gladiatorial games diminish the glory of hunters. In a letter to Valerius Maximus, Pliny the Younger praises the politician for putting on a great spectacle for the people of Verona. Pliny was a politician who lived from 61-112 CE. Pliny declared it a suitable event for a funeral tribute to Valerius Maximus’s wife.[13] Pliny’s attitude about the games is neutral, expressing neither dislike nor affection for the spectacles, which is unsurprising in a document addressed to one who holds the games. What the letter does reveal is that Pliny believes the games are necessary gestures of generosity when the public demands such events. Thus, unlike many of the other Roman writers, Pliny finds value in the games in that they satisfy the desires of the public. St. Augustine lives much later than the other writers featured in this essay, between 354-430 CE. By this time Christianity had been accepted as a religion in the Roman Empire. St. Augustine was one of the great Christian philosophers. In â€Å"The Story of Alypius†, St. Augustine reveals a similar reaction to the games as Seneca’s reaction, that is, once surrounded in a crowd, one’s character will be irreparably damaged. In the story, Alypius attends the games believing he is strong enough to resist temptation of the cruel games. The problem, according to St. Augustine, is that Alypius trusted in himself instead of God, and he too falls prey to the savage games.[14] As St. Augustine was a Christian philosopher, there is little wonder that he declared those who viewed â€Å"the wickedness of fighting† as ones filled with â€Å"savage passion.†[15] St. Augustine would have linked the games with Rome’s Pagan past. Thus, most of the Roman writers believe that the games are bloodthirsty events, offering entertainment of little value. Pliny the Younger’s belief that the games are necessary for public goodwill stands out from the others. Many of them critique the games in a negative way, focusing on how being part of a crowd may harm one’s moral character. Martial is one of the few writers who directly praises the spectacles. Perhaps he was trying to gain favour from the Emperor, as â€Å"On the Spectacles† reads like a tourist advertisement for the games at the Colosseum. St. Augustine’s view on the games is not surprising. As a Christian philosopher, he would have wanted the Roman Empire to distance itself from events that were notable in its former Pagan past. Clearly, the writings show that the spectacles at the Colosseum were controversial affairs. References Augustine, St., â€Å"The Story of Alypius† in Resource Book 1, Open University. Cicero, â€Å"Pompey’s Shows† in Resource Book 1, Open University. _____. â€Å"Philosophical Discussion† in Resource Book 1, Open University. Martial, â€Å"On the Spectacles† in Resource Book 1, Open University. Pliny the Younger, â€Å"Letter to Valerius Maximus† in Resource Book 1, Open University. Seneca, â€Å"Letter 7† in Resource Book 1, Open University. Statius, â€Å"The Tame Lion† in Resource Book 1, Open University. 1 Footnotes [1] Cicero, Philosophical Discussion, 98. [2] Ibid. [3] Cicero, Pompey’s Shows, 97. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Seneca, Letter 7, 99. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Martial, On The Spectacles, 91-92. [10] Ibid., 93. [11] Statius, The Tame Lion, 98. [12] Martial, On The Spectacles, 92. [13] Pliny, Letter to Valerius Maximus, 96. [14] St. Augustine, The Story of Alypius, 100. [15] Ibid.

Industry Analysis Paper

Athletic Footwear Industry Analysis When you think of athletic footwear what are your first thoughts? Nike? Under armor? Skechers? K-Swiss? All these companies have a common type of product/category called athletic footwear that they all sell and make a huge profit from. Throughout our analysis we will focus primarily on the United States Market industry compared to the International industry in athletic footwear/ running shoes. Within the United States there is a wide variety of different types of shoes but one of the most trend setting shoes that provide the most income are athletic footwear/ running shoes.The United States has over 10 billion dollars of revenue of profit that the athletic footwear industry provides and is one of the largest markets for athletic apparel and footwear in the world, which will provide a sufficient analysis for us to determine (Athletic Shoe Stores in the US: Market Research Report, IBISWorld 1999). This will allow us to focus on a market that we are f amiliar with and will penetrate the industry down to make a more accurate analysis on the industry athletic footwear/ running shoes. We will be analyzing women and men’s retail running shoes through their industry activities.This will declare an accurate competition level between different competitors throughout the industry’s products. Athletic running footwear has had an extreme demand of athletic apparel due to increasing number of athletes and the growing health awareness among the people of the US (Ken Research in Footwear, Market Research 2013). There is more of a demand for women’s running shoes compared to men with the increase of interest to jogging/running for the women population (Ken Research in Footwear, Market Research 2013). We will be analyzing all aspects of the United States industry within the men and women’s attire of running footwear.Some of the trends in the general environment of the athletic footwear industry are the economic clima te, healthy and active lifestyle, and fashion trends. In every retail industry the current state of the economy can greatly affect the environment. If the economy is in a depression that effects the shopping patterns of their consumers and as a result becomes a threat to the industry. The athletic footwear industry took a hit when the recession decelerated the US economy in 2008 (Smith). Many American’s were struggling financial which led to the athletic footwear industry to take a hit in their profit margins as well.Companies had to discount their products to keep a high volume of sales (Smith). The economic climate also plays a role in the rising population and disposable income levels of consumers. In 2010, consumers felt more confident financially by having more disposable income and began purchasing items like athletic footwear more frequently (Smith). The industry was able to gain leverage to increase prices and focus the consumer on quality and not price (Smith). The i ncreased level of income allows consumers to afford a premium-priced shoe which is driving the industry’s profit margins today (Smith).Both income levels and general population are continuously growing which becomes an opportunity for the industry to capture as much of the market as possible. Another trend that is affecting the industry is the healthy and active lifestyle. Obesity is at an all-time high and the lifestyle of healthy living is becoming a major part of our culture (Smith). This trend has encouraged consumers to exercise more and therefore need athletic shoes (Smith). This is a major opportunity for the industry because their product is directly related to the culture change we are headed in.Finally fashion trends have become a big role in the footwear industry. The market is in demand for innovative designs, styles, and celebrity endorsements. Some consumers in the industry are looking for footwear that is specifically made to help them perform better while othe rs look for shoes as a fashion trend. The current trend of light weight footwear is attractive to runners because it helps them perform better. The industry is currently thriving on profit from running shoes (Townsend). And in 2010 sales surged when the trend of light weight shoes with styles of neon hues hit the market (Townsend).Consumers are now wearing those bright colored shoes as a fashion trend whether it be on the track or on the city sidewalks (Adams). They are not afraid to pay up for shoes that are comfortable and trendy (Townsend). The industry also uses celebrities in marketing their products to reach consumers. Athletes like Michael Jordan and Lace Armstrong contributed to the success of athletic shoe companies. Many consumers look up to these athletes for motivation and in return will buy shoes because they are wearing the same style or brand of shoe.These trends are an opportunity for the industry because it allows companies to fill the need of consumers and in retur n they become profitable. The first threat identified by the five forces framework is the threat of new entrants. New entrants are firms that have either recently started operating in an industry or that threaten to begin operations in an industry soon. The athletic footwear industry is a very difficult industry to come into. This is because of the market in which the footwear industry operates, is highly saturated.This saturated market combined with the economies of scale in production, research and development, and marketing make a company have to operate in large scale to be cost effective in the industry (Athletic Footwear: Industry Analysis). Also, the main companies in this industry have major cost advantages independent of scale. Their management know-how that they have developed over the years united with their learning curve allows them to dominate this industry (Athletic Footwear: Industry Analysis). The second threat is the threat of rivalry, which is the intensity of com petition among a firm’s direct competitors, is high for this industry.The main factor of the competitiveness of the industry is due to the fact that industry rivals compete aggressively against one another for vital market share. The athletic shoe industry is very old and companies must focus on market share rather than concentrating on market growth. The athletic footwear market is expected to grow at a continual annual growth rate of 1. 8% from 2011 to 2018 to reach 84. 4 billion by 2018 (PRWeb). Non-athletic footwear is the largest market segment and is expected to grow faster than the athletic footwear sector.Various fashion trends in the market, such as demand for innovative designs and styles and celebrity endorsement, is driving the non-athletic footwear market (PRWeb). This new trend in the footwear industry makes the way companies compete vary vastly from company to company. Innovative companies such as Nike strive for product differentiation as well as massive marke ting strategies, but other brands such as Sketchers attempt to capture the low budget appeal. 70% of the market share is made up of the top five players which include Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Puma and New Balance (PRWeb).Other key companies are Asics, Converse, Sketchers and K-Swiss. The popularity of local manufacturers and growing piracy in developing countries remains the major challenge for global footwear manufacturers (PRWeb). With the new trend of switching from athletic footwear to non-athletic footwear, it makes the threat of substitution very high. The consumers’ ability to buy a non-athletic shoe is effortless, especially due to the increased focus on value for money and looking for simple, hard-wearing shoes that last (Report Linker). When it comes to the suppliers in the athletic shoe industry it has a low threat to the companies.There are a large number of firms that are able to supply the materials and basic needs of the companies. To add onto the limited threat c aused by the suppliers, their industry is not dominated by a small number of firms. The athletic footwear companies are able to exert their extensive power over their suppliers on the three homogeneous raw materials of cotton, rubber, and foam needed to make a shoe (Athletic Footwear: Industry Analysis). Even though the threat of suppliers is not an issue for this industry, the buyers can play a key factor when it comes to the decision making process.Buyers have a low threat risk because of the vast number of individual buyers, but there are few switching costs for them to switch to a new shoe brand. This causes companies in this industry to focus on the buyer’s needs and wants when it comes to designing a shoe. The five forces model shows that overall profitability can be high for this industry. The cost it takes to produce the actual shoe itself is very low, but the limited amount of major companies that are continually rivaling one another allow them to dominate this indus try and make it extremely difficult for new comers to last.The knowledge and skills that companies such as Nike have acquired over the years allow them to stay on top as well. The companies low production costs and high markup costs allow those firms in this industry to thrive to the point of their limits. But because these companies have grown so large, they must compete viciously against one another for the same customers. The main competitors of Nike in the shoe industry are K-Swiss, Skechers, and Under Armour. These are the publicly traded companies and are in direct competition in shoes. Nike dominates the market and has 42% of domestic market share in the United States (Articlebase).Recent net sales reports Nike at $24. 12 billion (Market Watch), K-Swiss at $268. 36 million, Skechers at $1. 56 billion, and Under Armour at $1. 83 billion. Nike has been the leader the shoe industry since 1980 when it gained 50% of United States market share (MyBizIQ. com). They have maintained t he position as leaders in the shoe industry. Nike has become experts in segmentation and targeting their market (NikeRepository. com). Works Cited â€Å"A Marketing Case Study on Nike. † Articlebase. (2012): n. page. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. . Adams, Brittany. â€Å"Running Shoes Get The High Fashion Treatment. †Ã‚  Style File RSS. Style. com, 19 July 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. < http://www. style. com/stylefile/2012/07/running-shoes-get-the-high-fashion-treatment/>. â€Å"Annual Financials for Nike Inc. Cl B. † Market Watch (2011): n. pag. Web. 13 Feb 2013. . â€Å"Athletic Shoe Stores in the US: Market Research Report. †Ã‚  Athletic Shoe Stores in theUS Market Research. N. p. , n. d.Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Athletic Footwear: Industry Analysis. 1 May 2006. 16 February 2013 . â€Å"Nike, Inc. History and Information. † NikeRepository. com. N. p. , 2010. Web. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. . PRWeb. Global Athletic Footwear Industry Analyzed by Transparency Market Research. 26 October 2012. 13 February 2013 .Report Linker. Footwear Industry: Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis. 12 February 2013 . Smith, Gavin. â€Å"Athletic Shoe Stores in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld. † Athletic Shoe Stores in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld. PRWeb, 30 Nov. 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. . â€Å"Swooshing to Success. † MyBizIQ. com. (2013): n. page. Print. . The US Athletic Apparel and Footwear Industry Outlook to 2015 – Evolving Niche Segments in Sportswear. †Ã‚  By Ken Research in Footwear, Sports Apparel, Apparel. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Feb. Townsend, Matt. â€Å"Fashion Spurs Sales of Athletic Shoes. †Ã‚  Bangor Daily News RSS. Bloomberg News, 26 May 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. .

Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers?

Within this essay I Intend to examine Plates reasoning and justification for his belief in philosopher rulers and question whether they are, in fact, the best people to govern society. The current democratic method of organization of the â€Å"polis† was not suitable for Plato as he considered ruling far too vital a role in society to be left to the untrained. Instead, it should be left to those who have the knowledge and more crucially, the wisdom required to comprehend such a task.It Is, however, at this point, we should consider that a significant factor In Plat's opposition to democracy was that the Athenian democracy had condemned Socrates o death. It is important to remember that the liberal democracy which we currently experience is very recent and not at all the concept of democracy that Plato speaks. In fact, the idea of all adults over the age of 18 being able to vote would indeed be absurd to someone such as Plato.The democracy, of which he speaks, would be of great er equivalence to a modern day referendum, In which all those eligible to vote gather to debate and eventually vote. Plato thus set out to craft a new structural form for the polls, in simple, an Ideal society. This constituted three general social lasses and indirectly three separate polio's within the whole Solipsism. At the lowest end of this, was the â€Å"producers†, although Plato pays little attention to this class, it compromises people who were engaged in economic activities, such as, farmers and manufacturers.Although of no political importance, they served the crucial function of providing the economic and material requirements of the community. Primarily, Plato places them as obedient workers under the control of the axillaries. This constitutes the first polls, â€Å"one In which money lovers, and only money lovers are made as happy as possible† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984), and thus becomes a â€Å"luxurious polis† (Plato The Republic IPPP e). The sec ond level on Plates ideal society was that of the auxiliaries.It was the auxiliaries who, in current times, would complete the actions of the military civil service and public offices I. E. Police. Consequently, it was their occupation to enact the decisions made by the ruling class. It would be from the elite of the auxiliaries that a philosopher guardian would emerge, as they had worked their way through the education and training. Therefore, this emerges as the second polis in which â€Å"unnecessary appetites† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) are removed this is the part of the Solipsism in which honor-lovers are made as happy as possible. (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) However, it must be pointed out that the auxiliaries also shared this second polis with the guardians who were not chosen as â€Å"pensioner Kilns. † Hymnal, It was ten Guardians won were let at ten top AT ten society, as the rulers. This was the elite group above the rest of society, only those who completed a ll the statutes laid out during their training would be able to become a recognized philosopher guardian at the age of 50. These would be the people who had a true understanding of the forms and ultimately, of what is good ND Just.With this Plato has set out his â€Å"dodos† for the ideal society and his belief that those most suited to govern this society were his â€Å"Philosopher Kings† who were chosen from this Guardian class. It is at this point, that I believe we must further engage with what in fact it means to be a philosopher, and how you reach such a position. Plato sets an initial screening process, â€Å"the one who is willing to taste every kind if learning with gusto, and who turns to learning with enthusiasm, and cannot get enough of it, he is the one we shall rightly call a philosopher. (Plato The Republic 474 c) â€Å"Those who have reached that goal are philosopher kings at last. The polis over which they rule, and which contains the elaborate educa tional apparatus necessary to reliably produce them, is the third polis. † (Reeve C. D. C. P 195, 1984). During Plat's explanation of his philosopher-king, he uses three analogies, the sun, the line and finally the cave, in order to depict the reason for the philosopher's irreplaceable role in politics.The central element in each of these is the concept of the forms. In my opinion, Plato most aptly explains the transition to a philosopher with his simile of the cave. Plato classes this as â€Å"the enlightenment or ignorance of our human condition† (Plato The Republic IPPP a). The allegory of the cave is to illustrate that the philosopher is the one who sees things as they really are. The philosopher is able to see the truth, whereas, the masses see, merely, shadows.The arduous process of education which draws the philosopher from the state of ignorance and belief to the enlightened state of knowledge and wisdom is comparable with the difficult Journey from a dark cave up a long path to the open light of the sun. Whilst explaining the Journey of the philosopher's education he also attempts to show why it is that the masses reject the philosopher once their knowledge has been gained. Primarily, Plato says that the philosopher is misunderstood by the ignorant masses and that the knowledge which they attempt to impart threatens the beliefs of their UN-enlightened minds.It is clear upon examination of Plat's society, that it is indubitably a totalitarian regime; however, this point must be critically examined as it is clear that there are distinct and separate ways to critique this point. Naturally, there are those who would say that the restriction of freedom from a dictatorial power is inherently wrong. Conversely, though it must be considered that restriction of freedom for the good of people is no bad thing. In theory a system which imposes â€Å"The Good† on all people, would be one which benefits all and enhances the chance of maximum hum an development and freedom from evil. Until philosophers rule as kings, or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophies, that is, until political power, authority and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will eve no rest from evils,†¦ Nor, I think, will the human race. † (Simon Blackburn IPPP c- D 2006) Obviously the counter argument to that and the very basis of Plat's critics, is that whether human nature being as it is, would ever allow it in reality?Especially when compared Walt previous totalitarian regimes, experience Allocates Tanat teen have rarely brought good to the majority, and predominantly have indeed brought the opposite. In reality, it could be argued that there has been a historical dominance of state dictatorships in comparison with the relatively recent liberal democracies. Citizens who are raised within the l iberal western tradition are taught to be convinced of the faultlessness of democracy and thus find it challenging to comprehend that any other system could be better, or even to see the weaknesses in democracy.Due to the inability to acknowledge the failings of democracy, Plato creates two illustrations to depict them; these are the similes of the beast and the ship. Plato utterly rejects two common modes of thought in democratic societies, Just because everyone believes it to be true and good does not make it so, and that Just cause someone is a convincing speaker and persuades the masses to his view – it does not mean he is speaking the truth or that his ideas are good. The foundation of these illustrations is that the Philosophers simply know â€Å"The Good†.Plat's debate is clearly rejecting some of the foundational ideas within Democracy. Within the simile of the beast, the large and powerful animal in this story is the general population who make up the democrac y. In this tale, Plato is depicting a clear division between, what the majority like and think is good, what pleases them, and unbeknown to them, what actually is â€Å"The Good†. The Good (I. E. The dodos or form of the good) is good whether people think it is good or not. The Good is the predetermined standard against which the pleasures and desires of the masses must be Judged to determine whether they are good or bad.Plato is saying that the Sophists of his time were merely concerned with remaining in power and thus would bow to the appeasement of the masses that were ill educated. Fiscal and devoid of the knowledge of what is truly important in life and were subsequently unfit to rule the polis. They were no more than manipulators and responders to popular opinion without any standard tit which to work. The Sophists were relativists. For them ‘good' meant no more than what the people want, what will keep them happy, and what society thinks are good.This approach to politics is recognizable within the contemporary use of opinion polls and pressure groups. â€Å"All those individuals who make their living by teaching, and whom the public call â€Å"Sophists† and new for their skill, in fact teach nothing but the conventional views held and expressed by the mass of the people, when they meet; and this they call a science† (Plato The Republic IPPP a-b) This forever, does not entirely show why Plato is convinced that it is philosophers who should rule.Socrates proposes the notion that the study of philosophy results in the unearthing of objective truths about what is good, from this grounding this knowledge can be used as an unique;coal platform for policy-making. Plato believes that in contrast with his idea of the world of matter, the world of sense , which he classes as a mere world of shadows, is in fact â€Å"world of final, immutable, changeless, objects of contemplation, at the summit of which stands the ultimate object of a facial kind of knowledge independent of sense experience.This is ultimately a real and ultimately fitting object of love and desire, a constantly radiant eternal source of light, the form of good itself. † (Blackburn S. Pop, 2006). Subsequently, it has the natural progression that the people most suited to rule, are the people who have the wisdom of this higher realm, so Justifiably this would be the philosophers. â€Å"If pensioners nave ten capacity to grasp ten eternal Ana Immutable, Wendell tense won have no such capacity are not philosophers and are lost in multiplicity and change, which of the two should be in charge of a state? (Plato The Republic p 484 b). At no point, has it ever been empirically verified that those who have studied philosophy will all agree on that which is good and right. Even those who do agree that there are moral facts do not agree on exactly what they are – nor do they agree on what is the best way to act in the light of those facts. Eve n if we do agree with Plato and accept that a true understanding of goodness and Justice is both possible and agreement can be reached between philosophers, it still leaves the question whether this is all that a politician needs.

Battle of Arsuf in the Crusades

The Battle of Arsuf was fought September 7, 1191, during the Third Crusade (1189-1192). Armies Commanders Crusaders King Richard I the Lionheart of Englandapprox. 20,000 men Ayyubids Saladinapprox. 20,000 men Battle of Arsuf Background Having successfully completed the siege of Acre in July 1191, Crusader forces began moving south. Led by King Richard I the Lionheart of England, they sought to capture the port of Jaffa before turning inland to reclaim Jerusalem. With the Crusader defeat at Hattin in mind, Richard took great care in planning the march to ensure that adequate supplies and water would be available to his men. To this end, the army kept to the coast where the Crusader fleet could support its operations. In addition, the army only marched in the morning to avoid the midday heat and campsites were selected based on the availability of water. Departing Acre, Richard kept his forces in a tight formation with the infantry on the landward side protecting his heavy cavalry and baggage train to seaward. Responding to the Crusaders movements, Saladin began shadowing Richards forces. As Crusader armies had proven notorious undisciplined in the past, he began a series of harassing raids on Richards flanks with the goal of breaking up their formation. This done, his cavalry could sweep in for the kill. The March Continues Advancing in their defensive formation, Richards army successfully deflected these Ayyubid attacks as they slowly moved south. On August 30, near Caesarea, his rearguard became heavily engaged and required assistance before escaping the situation. Assessing Richards route, Saladin elected to make a stand near the town of Arsuf, just north of Jaffa. Arraying his men facing west, he anchored his right on the Forest of Arsuf and his left on a series of hills to the south. To his front was a narrow two-mile wide plain extending to the coast. Saladins Plan From this position, Saladin intended to launch a series of harassing attacks followed by feigned retreats with the goal of compelling the Crusaders to break formation. Once this was done, the bulk of Ayyubid forces would attack and drive Richards men into the sea. Rising on September 7, the Crusaders needed to cover a little over 6 miles to reach Arsuf. Aware of Saladins presence, Richard ordered his men to prepare for battle and resume their defensive marching formation. Moving out, the Knights Templar were in the van, with additional knights in the center, and the Knights Hospitaller bringing up the rear. The Battle of Arsuf Moving onto the plain north of Arsuf, the Crusaders were subjected to hit-and-run attacks beginning around 9:00 AM. These largely consisted of horse archers dashing forward, firing, and immediately retreating. Under strict orders to hold formation, despite taking losses, the Crusaders pressed on. Seeing that these initial efforts were not having the desired effect, Saladin began focusing his efforts on the Crusader left (rear). Around 11:00 AM, Ayyubid forces began increasing the pressure on the Hospitallers led by Fra Garnier de Nablus. The fighting saw mounted Ayyubid troops dash forward and attack with javelins and arrows. Protected by spearmen, the Crusader crossbowmen returned fire and began exacting a steady toll on the enemy. This pattern held as the day progressed and Richard resisted requests from his commanders to allow the knights to counterattack preferring to husband his strength for the right moment while allowing Saladins men to tire. These requests continued, particularly from the Hospitallers who were becoming concerned about the number of horses they were losing. By mid-afternoon, the lead elements of Richards army were entering Arsuf. At the rear of the column, the Hospitaller crossbow and spearmen were fighting as they marched backwards. This led to the formation weakening allowing the Ayyubids to attack in earnest. Again requesting permission to lead his knights out, Nablus was again denied by Richard. Assessing the situation, Nablus ignored Richards command and charged forward with the Hospitaller knights as well as additional mounted units. This movement coincided with a fateful decision made by the Ayyubid horse archers. Not believing that the Crusaders would break formation, they had stopped and dismounted in order to better aim their arrows. As they did so, Nablus men burst from the Crusader lines, overran their position, and began driving back the Ayyubid right. Though angered by this move, Richard was compelled to support it or risk losing the Hospitallers. With his infantry entering Arsuf and establishing a defensive position for the army, he ordered the Templars, supported by Breton and Angevin knights, to attack the Ayyubid left. This succeeded in pushing back enemys left and these forces were able to defeat a counterattack by Saladins personal guard. With both Ayyubid flanks reeling, Richard personally led forward his remaining Norman and English knights against Saladins center. This charge shattered the Ayyubid line and caused Saladins army to flee the field. Pushing forward, the Crusaders captured and looted the Ayyubid camp. With darkness approaching, Richard called off any pursuit of the defeated enemy. Aftermath of Arsuf Exact casualties for the Battle of Arsuf are not known, but is estimated that Crusader forces lost around 700 to 1,000 men while Saladins army may have suffered as many as 7,000. An important victory for the Crusaders, Arsuf boosted their morale and removed Saladins air of invincibility. Though defeated, Saladin quickly recovered and, after concluding that he could not penetrate the Crusaders defensive formation, resumed his harassing tactics. Pressing on, Richard captured Jaffa, but the continued existence of Saladins army prevented an immediate march on Jerusalem. Campaigning and negotiations between Richard and Saladin continued over the next year until the two men concluded a treaty in September 1192 which allowed Jerusalem to remain in Ayyubid hands but permitted Christian pilgrims to visit the city. Resources and Further Reading Military History Online: Battle of ArsufHistory of War: Battle of Arsuf